Sexuality in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kohler Scholarship Essay Samples - Learning From the Experts

Kohler Scholarship Essay Samples - Learning From the ExpertsKohler scholarship essay samples are the most important tool for every student when he is applying for a scholarship. It is said that Kohler Scholarship Essay examples are the best tools in winning a scholarship because of their variety and accessibility. Kohler scholarship essay samples are user-friendly and easy to read because they are written by experts who also have a good command of English language.If you search on the internet, you will find hundreds of Kohler scholarship essay samples in different formats which can be downloaded in the computer without any problems. You can access these sources from the comfort of your home, so that you don't have to waste money to travel to a library or bookstore and buy books. Most of the people use Kohler scholarship essay samples to edit their own essays because it saves them a lot of time and money.The best thing about Kohler scholarship essay samples is that they are updated e very day so that you can expect new versions of the same article each day. This way, you are assured that the articles are always fresh and new. You can save money since you don't have to wait for your free articles to be published before you can distribute them to your classmates.If you are serious about improving your English writing skills, then I recommend using the Kohler essay samples every single day. You can start by reading through the article and reviewing all of the sentences that you want to correct. After you finish the practice and edit your own essay, you can write your own articles and submit them to Kohler scholarship essay samples.To access the Kohler scholarship essay samples, just click on the link below. There are many Kohler scholarship essay samples online and all you need to do is search for them.The next thing you need to dois to brush up your English vocabulary by reading and reviewing new knowledge. You can also prepare yourself with some question papers o r tests so that you can prove that you are capable of being competent in English language.While writing your scholarship essay, always keep in mind that you should not forget your academic background or previous writing experience. Remember that it is your academic background that will help you write your essay.It is not enough that you know how to write your scholarship essay. You should also make sure that your scholarship essay is well-written and free from grammatical errors. Keep in mind that once you have finished editing your essay, then it will be harder for others to critique your essay and tell you what's wrong.

Fresh Ink New Books Out Today October 9, 2012

Fresh Ink New Books Out Today October 9, 2012 Its been a season of Big Meaty Fiction so far, and dont get me wrongI love Big Meaty Fiction. But the new releases Im most excited about this week are nonfiction. Learn some stuff! Make some stuff! Use your noodle! The Blue Bottle Craft of Coffee by James Freeman, Caitlin Freeman, and Tara Duggan (Ten Speed Press) One of the loveliest moments of my year so far was spent  reading a book on The High Line, sipping a New Orleans iced coffee from Blue Bottles Chelsea location while I recovered from Book Expo. These folks know what theyre doing, and theyre all about demystifying the process. Because good coffee can and should happen at home! This beautifully illustrated book covers coffee sourcing, roasting techniques, instructions for brewing and serving, and recipes for delicious food pairings. It would make a terrific gift for the coffee lovers in your life, and at $24.99 in hardback, its a steal compared to many cookbooks. Heres to drinking good coffee (and not having to leave your houseor even put on pantsbefore your first shot of caffeine in the morning). Born This Way: Real Stories of Growing Up Gay edited by Paul Vitagliano (Quirk  Books) Inspired by the popular site of the same name, this book presents short essaysvignettes, reallyabout growing up gay. Famous faces like Representative Barney Frank, Perez Hilton, and Sia Furler appear alongside everyday people telling the stories of when they knew they were gay (most were pretty young) and how they came out. Some of these pieces are sad. Some are heart-warming. Each is inspiring in its own way. And they create a whole that emphasizes our common humanity and provides one more way to support and encourage young LGBTQ people. Some Girls, Some Hats and Hitler: A True Love Story Rediscovered by Trudi Kanter (Scribner) First, the true love story part. In 1938, author Trudi Kanterwho was then a hat designer for Viennas most fashionable setmet and fell in love with a young businessman named Walter Ehrlich. When Hitlers troops invaded Austria, Trudi and Walter fled, going from Vienna to Prague to London in search of a safe haven. This is their story. Now for the rediscovery. Kanter, who died in 1992, originally published this story in 1984 in London, but it failed to find an audience and quickly went out of print. A British editor plucked it out of obscurity last year, and now we have the chance to read it. Take the chance now, while you have it. Make room in your heart for one more Holocaust memoir. This ones worth it. There Was A Country: A Personal History of Biafra by Chinua Achebe (The Penguin Press) If all you know of Chinua Achebe is Things Fall Apart, heres an opportunity to understand the defining experience of his life. Achebe combines history and memoir in this book about the Nigerian civil war (about which, I must confess, I know next to nothing). I havent started it yet, and I can hardly wait. It promises to be challenging, educational, and beautifully writtenId expect nothing less. What new releases are you excited about today? Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Irregular First-Conjugation Italian Verbs

Many important Italian verbs, like â€Å"fare - to do / to make† or â€Å"essere - to be,† are irregular, which means they don’t follow the regular conjugation patterns (infinitive stem endings). They may have a different stem or different endings. Three Irregular First-Conjugation Verbs There are only three irregular first-conjugation verbs (verbs ending in –are): andare—to godare—to givestare—to stay FUN FACT: The verb â€Å"fare† is derived from facere, a Latin verb of the second conjugation, so it’s considered an irregular second conjugation verb. DARE In the present tense, â€Å"dare† is conjugated as follows: dare - to give io do noi diamo tu dai voi date lui, lei, Lei d essi, Loro danno STARE In the present tense, â€Å"stare† is conjugated as follows: stare - to stay, to be io sto noi stiamo tu stai voi state lui, lei, Lei sta essi, Loro stanno The verb â€Å"stare† is used in many idiomatic expressions. It has different English equivalents according to the adjective or adverb that accompanies it. stare attento/a/i/e—to pay attentionstare bene / male—to be well/not wellstare zitto/a/i/e—to keep quietstare fresco—to get in trouble, be in for itstare fuori—to be outsidestarsene da parte—to stand aside, to be on one sidestare su—to stand (sit) up straight / to cheer upstare a cuore—to matter, to have at heartstare con—to live withstare in piedi—to be standingstare in guardia—to be on ones guard Here are some other examples: Ciao, zio, come stai?—Hi Uncle, how are you?Sto bene, grazie.—Im fine, thanks.Molti studenti non stanno attenti.—Many students dont pay attention. ANDARE In the present tense, â€Å"andare† is conjugated as follows: andare - to go io vado noi andiamo tu vai voi andate lui, lei, Lei va essi, Loro vanno If the verb â€Å"andare† is followed by another verb (to go dancing, to go eat), the sequence andare a infinitive is used. â€Å"Andare† is conjugated, but the second verb is used in the infinitive. Note that it’s necessary to use the preposition â€Å"a† even if the infinitive is separated from the form of andare. Quando andiamo a ballare?   - When are we going dancing?Chi va in Italia a studiare? - Whos going to Italy to study? When you’re talking about means of transportation, you would use the preposition â€Å"in† after the verb â€Å"andare.† andare in aeroplano—to flyandare in bicicletta—to ride a bicycleandare in treno—to go by trainandare in automobile (in macchina)—to drive, to go by car Exception: andare a piedi - to walk As a general rule, when andare is followed by the name of a country or a region, the preposition â€Å"in† is used. When it’s followed by the name of a city, the preposition â€Å"a† is used. Vado in Italia, a Roma. - Im going to Italy, to Rome.Vai a Parma†¦ in Emilia Romagna, vero? - You’re going to Parma†¦ in Emilia Romagna, right?

Introduction Of Manufacturing Scheduling Process Essay

†2 Introduction Introduction to manufacturing scheduling In the real world, it is necessary for any manufacturing system, production system, even service system to create an effective schedule able to overcome any change that may happen in the environment in order to continue in the competitive world. Scheduling can be denoted as the process of assigning a set of activities to resources of finite capacity over limited time. Scheduling process aims to sequence the activities and states their releasing time on each machine to satisfy the desired performance criteria while considering the capacity and technological constraints[1]. Most of the manufacturing companies work on streamlining their production processes, meeting their customers requirements and accommodate the high variety of demands. Therefore, there was a big need for a job shop. Further, it is necessary to develop scheduling technique able to improve different objectives of scheduling such as makespan, machine utilization, meeting due dates, etc. Over the years, many methods were developed in seeking to improve scheduling processes such as hand-made scheduling, whiteboards, spreadsheets, and advanced methods. Hand-made scheduling was the spontaneous method that appeared in scheduling environment. First come first serve (FCFS) is an example of hand-made scheduling, it is usually used when the jobs don t affect on the main purposes of the company, or the jobs don t have a due date. Hand-made scheduling hasShow MoreRelatedDecision Support Tool For Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling785 Words   |  4 PagesTOOL FOR DYNAMIC JOB SHOP SCHEDULING ATIKAH BINTI SELAMAT (FA12015) SUPERVISOR: DR. 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After that the essay will connect MPC and the 5 problems to find solutions which are production scheduling, engineering control, ISO 9000 or six sigma quality control systems, ICTs systems for communicating and just in time (JIT). Finally the writer will show the summary of this study. 2. Introduction Medtech is an electronics equipment manufacturer for producingRead MoreThe Machine Time Span1254 Words   |  6 Pagesin each case, it is assumed that the machine time is known as soon as it occurs. This machine has a direct consequence on the number of operation that is fixed and indirectly reflects on the total number of operation present in the potential re-scheduling. Instances of the job shop problem (10x10, 8x15, 5x10, 10x 15, 5x15, 5x20, 6x24, 10x20,) are considered. Two machines can influence the decision variables. Several cases with different values of this parameter are studied. The different simulationsRead MoreFactors affecting women entrepreneurs success1224 Words   |  5 Pages1-1 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management William J. Stevenson 1-2 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management Figure 1.1 The management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services Organization Finance Operations Marketing 1-3 Introduction to Operations Management What Do Operations Managers Do? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ What is ‘Operations’? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ a function or system that transforms inputs into outputsRead MoreFhe Case Study1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthe new-product development process at FHE? 2) What could be done to clarify the organizational relationship between product managers, technical program managers, and manufacturing managers? 3) What can be done to better manage the workload of the engineering services department? 4) Evaluate the plans and the expected results from the new CAD-CAM system. Analysis Question 1 What steps should Donaldson take to improve the new-product development process at FHE? Restructuring PhilRead MoreThe Dairy Product Lewis Creamery Chocolate Milk1435 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction The report is going to analyze the dairy product-Lewis Creamery Chocolate Milk using manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system. Firstly, it will illustrate some background information of the shortage of Lewis Creamery Chocolate Milk and presumably the reason of the shortage was because the company did not implement the MPC system and then carried on by introducing the manufacturing planning and control (MPC) framework, which may help the company to overcome the shortage ofRead MoreMarkeeting962 Words   |  4 Pages1-1 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management William J. Stevenson 8th edition 1-2 Introduction to Operations Management CHAPTER 1 Introduction to †¨ Operations Management McGraw-Hill/Irwin Operations Management, Eighth Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright  © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-3 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management Figure 1.1 The management of systems or processesRead MoreNew Crossover Operator Based On The Machine And Mutation Operator1486 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract - To solve the job shop scheduling problem more effectively, some genetic operators were designed. In order to increase the diversity of the population, a mixed selection operator based on the fitness value and the concentration value was given. To make full use of the characteristics of the problem itself, new crossover operator based on the machine and mutation operator based on the critical path were specifically designed. To find the critical path, a new algorithm to find the critical

Some Interpretations Have Portrayed Tragic Heroines Free Essays

Some Interpretations Have Portrayed Tragic Heroines as Manipulative Plotters Driven by Passionate Desires. Others Have Seen the Tragic Women as Victims of Powerful Individuals or Society as a Whole. Bearing in Mind By Troubleshoots Gertrude is a very minute character in Hamlet, yet the same cannot be said about her impact on the action of the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Some Interpretations Have Portrayed Tragic Heroines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Certain audiences view Gertrude in different ways, some sympathies with her as a character, and see her actions as empowering towards women as a whole, letting loose of the social conventions of the Shakespearian era, in addition to being a caring mother. However, I feel there are two options that can be seen here concerning Gertrude as a person, and neither of them are positive, as the only two plausible ways in which her character can be based on is a manipulative plotter, or one who is simply invested in her own ignorance. Considering her lack of concern for the social conventions of the time, alongside poor ways of dealing with an unstable son, it is my personal opinion that Shakespeare intended Gertrude to be seen as a manipulative plotter, rather than a woman who epitomized a tragic heroine. To begin assessing how much of a tragic heroine Gertrude really was, it is imperative o assess the tragic conventions of the time. ‘A hero must fall from fortune and power, with a tragic flaw allowing the reader to empathic with the character’ (Aristotle 335 BCC) In addition to this, Shakespearean tragic conventions also suggest that a tragic heroine must show promise of further greatness and possess a character trait that would normally be a virtue, but under the circumstances of the play become a flaw. On the surface my repudiation of Gertrude as anything other than a manipulative plotter may seem a brash claim; at least it does until we are met with the way she infernos Claudia in Act 2 Scene 2. Her line thanks Guilelessness, and gentle Restaurants’ (2:2:34) is used either to correct what Claudia said Just before her, or is simply her mistaking between Restaurants and Guilelessness. I think it is obvious that it is merely Gertrude correcting Claudia, as if the line were meant to be said with indecision, Shakespeare would have most likely used a question mark in the speech in order to highlight that Gertrude was meant to say the line with a certain amount of uncertainty. This shows that whilst the nature of the line may have been unsorted as one that was merely of her own confusion, I maintain the claim that it is far more likely that Shakespeare intended for this to be an indication of Gertrude out for – one who is devious, scheming and willing to plot. Considering that the social conventions of the time dictated that women were to be inferior to men, the idea of correcting a man without even a hint of uncertainty portrays to a Shakespearian audience an ignorance of social values; in my opinion this is used as a subtle hint early on to make the audience know that this is a character to watch out for, as her expedient nature percolates and promulgates itself to the audience throughout the rest of the play. Whilst it may be conceded that a modern audience would see Gertrude in a less damning way, we cannot ignore the fact that this wildly contradicts the idea of a tragic heroine being one that the audience can empathic with, nor does it show any evidence of her having a virtue which would turn out to be a flaw. Gertrude moral turpitude is pumped at relentlessly throughout the play, and is shown further in Act 2 Scene 2, where Gertrude is shown without ambiguity or doubt hat she is aware of Hamlet’s grief ‘l doubt [Hamlet’s upset] is no other but the main: His father’s death and our detracts marriage’ (2:2:56), dispelling any possible nature that Gertrude does not know what is wrong with Hamlet. Despite this, she makes no effort to console Hamlet, and merely accepts the very brief Well, we shall sift him’ reply that is given by Claudia. This meaner one of two things: that she is unable to think or speak for herself, or able to speak up but unwilling. Considering that she had already corrected Claudia earlier in the play, it thus follows that this line was not en that showed her as a victim of powerful individuals as she has already proven earlier that she is not a mindless sycophant. When we are to consider that her son has been horrifically upset to the point where he is bordering on insanity, and the reason for this is because of Gertrude marriage to his brother only two weeks after the death of his father (for whom he had the greatest admiration) yet still felt no need to console him, I would argue that by her inaction what she did was indicative of a manipulative plotter. Not only this, but her status as a tragic heroine is dispelled, s simply allowing one’s own flesh and blood to suffer is the direct antithesis of what it meaner to be a tragic heroine: ‘a character which allows the audience to empathic with them’. I feel that this is strong evidence for her status as a manipulative plotter. It is not only in Gertrude treatment of Hamlet that her manipulation is evident, but in her behavior towards other characters. The Queen’s hostility towards Aphelia initially appears through sophisticated strategies of aggression, but the increasing dangers force stronger defenses. Whether resulting from physical action or ethical taxation, the Queen is culpable in the death of Aphelia† (Lobber, Harmonic 2004) The quote above suggests motives for Gertrude in killing Aphelia, and thus truly securing her status as a manipulative plotter, and one completely incapable of fitting the definition for a tragic heroine. Of course, interpretation of Gertrude is a difficult thing, and a large part of this is due to Shakespeare giving Gertrude very few spoken lines during the play, yet this does seem odd considering that her role is so crucial to Hamlet’s suffering. So why does Shakespeare do this? Personally, I feel her infrequent appearances, yet essential role are placed within the play in order to create a sense of suspicion about Gertrude, to keep the audience wondering about where Gertrude be said that this quote is not enough to completely condemn Gertrude. However, when all the evidence piles up, Shakespeare creates a special bond between Aphelia and Gertrude, particularly when we look at the following interpretation â€Å"the language of flowers creates a relationship that in effect places them in close proximity’ (Radcliff, S – 1998) which again implies that Shakespeare purposely rated closeness between these two in this scene for a purpose, and I feel that in creating this bond Shakespeare was effectively offering Gertrude a chance to be seen as a tragic heroine, yet we know that at the very least she was passive or unable, both of which contradict the supposed nobility of a tragic heroine. That said, I think that the closeness created by Shakespeare was to show that Gertrude actually did have the chance to save Aphelia, and if he had not used the language of flowers in such a way, it would have shown Gertrude inability rather than her nature as a manipulative plotter. This is supported by the fact that Gertrude ‘kills’ Aphelia from the play, and whilst I realize it is completely impossible to prove the speculations about off-stage events, she does in fact ‘kill her’ off from the play, as she is the one who reveals her death, making it far too coincidental for it to be unintentional, and in my opinion the most obvious interpretation seems to me that Gertrude is meant to be seen as a manipulative plotter. In conclusion, I do feel that Shakespeare intended Gertrude to be a manipulative plotter, as every possible moment of niceness she portrays within the play, in my pinion can be countered with at least an equally good reason as to why she could have done so in a meticulously fetid way. Even when we consider her name ‘Gertrude’, the sounds of the g and the ‘r’ are harsh sounding, and this could well have been done in order to create an immediately disliked and nasty character. Her ignorance is a possible interpretation, but upon further exploration of her lines we have discovered that she is aware of why Hamlet is upset, and yet still chooses to take no act to relieve this. We have seen compelling evidence from other critics to suggest her involvement in Aphelion’s death, combined with several remarks that come off as at the very least petty, if not malicious, in addition to the chances she has to make a big difference in the play, yet seems either incompetent or scheming. How to cite Some Interpretations Have Portrayed Tragic Heroines, Papers

The Popularity of Computer Animated Movies Essay Example For Students

The Popularity of Computer Animated Movies Essay Since Pixar’s release of the groundbreaking blockbuster, Toy Story (1995), computer animation has become hugely profitable and popular with audiences. The 3 dimensional cartoon platform engages audiences in a variety of ways. At first glance they act as an unworldly ‘kidified’ visual spectacle, however once you dig deeper you understand a true care and precision placed into the filmmaking that attracts audiences through other means. The social commentary that runs throughout these family oriented films encourages audiences to challenge their own moral integrity. Likewise, an engagement through humor, both slapstick and implicitly adult makes watching such features with children a satisfying experience, rather than a parental endurance. In my essay I will cover potential social, economic and political factors that contributed to the genre’s development and question why audiences continue to respond to these features in such a positive manner. The Golden Age of Animation was the ‘remarkable period in the late Thirties and early Forties, when Walt Disney transformed the movie industry with a visionary zeal and unbroken string of hits (Lee M, 2009). We will write a custom essay on The Popularity of Computer Animated Movies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His artistic creations helped animation thrive, in a way that granted it commercial recognition and popularity from the public. Unfortunately, soon after this booming era, which brought us unforgettable classics such as ‘Bambi’ (1942) and ‘Pinocchio’ (1940) the animated film industry faced a serious downfall in both reputation and sales. Some argue this was caused by ‘Chuck Jones at Warner Brothers on at children’s hour. (O’Harra H, 2007) Although the movement from cinema to television made cartoons popular with children, it unintentionally created a ‘60’s and 70’s Saturday morning animation was just for kids. ’ (O’Harra H, 2007) This meant that adults rarely invested money in animated features, especially when their children could watch these comically entertaining ‘distractions’ at home for free. It was debatably not until the 90s that animated features made a profitable come back. This was arguably because John Lasseter, the creator of the ‘innovative, self-shadowing 3d animated short Luxo Jr’ (Garcia C, 2013) joined Steve Jobs’ pioneering computer Animation Company ‘Pixar’ and created ‘Toy Story’ (1995). The combined forces of Jobs’ ‘PhotoRealistic RenderMan’ (RenderMan, 2013) programming skills and Lasseter’s belief that although ‘art challenges technology, technology inspires art’ (Lasseter, 2012) there was no doubt the first feature length computer animated movie would be a huge success. A ‘3 Oscar nominated,’ (IMDB, 2013), rare 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes’ (2013) and ‘$200 million domestic grossing’ (Box office Mojo, 2013) success, to be precise. The CGI (computer animated images) offered audiences a unique visual spectacle that ‘people got excited about initially because it was generated with a computer. ’ (Garcia C. 2013) This made viewers feel like a privileged insider, and satisfied their ‘self-esteem needs’. (Maslow, 1943) In application to Maslow’s needs theory, audiences felt a sense of trust with the moviemakers as they were provided with a sufficient cinematic experience unlike any other. Additionally, Pixar, ‘the first and remains the most successful animation company’ (O’Harra H, 2007) continues to retain the trust of its audiences and distribute brilliant movies: 12 out of 14 were Oscar nominated, and a majority of them are on ‘IMDB’s top 250 movies. ’ (IMDB, 2013) The ‘commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing’ (Robert M, 1994) can be applied to Pixar. This is because the well-established production company continues to provide audiences with consistently quality films. Hence, they maintain their brand identity, cater to consumer demand and sway audiences to watch their films over others. Furthermore, with this new style of film’s success, computer animation has spawned what John Lasseter ‘who is currently Disney’s animation chief creative officer a second golden age of animation. ’ (Lee M, 2009) He goes on to say in an interview, after Disney bought Pixar ‘for $7. 4billion’ (La Monica P, 2006) that ‘people began to think for the feature animation business, it is impossible that more could be less. ’ (O’Harra H, 2007) The backlash of computer animations popularity is that in recent years 2D animation has fallen significantly in Hollywood cinema. As of early 2013, Bob Iger the chief executive of Disney, stated ‘to my knowledge we’re not developing hand drawn animation as it’s largely for television at this point. We’re not necessarily ruling out the possibility a feature but there is not any in development at the company. ’ (Child B. 2013) One would believe that this meant ‘the general consensus that audiences not want to watch hand-drawn animated films. ’ (Child B. 013) Potentially because computer animated features offer more appealing textures, backgrounds and animated physics which although cartoony are generated to look realistic. Warner Brothers’ ‘Happy Feet’ (2006) like many others CGI films use renderings that make every single piece of fur on the penguins move, as if wind was hitting it. .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 , .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .postImageUrl , .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 , .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:hover , .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:visited , .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:active { border:0!important; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:active , .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964 .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5bff38320edfd3044dc26842b566a964:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Princess Bride - Book and Film EssaySupporting ‘Blumer and Katz, uses and gratification theory’ (Blumer J, 1974) this natural movement on screen helps audiences identify with the characters on a deeper scale as their ‘appearances has been deliberately altered to provide a cute, wide-eyed look that appeals to humans ideals of beauty. (Grahame J, 2006) Their delightful expression helps audiences relate to characters because they are at awe at the aesthetically pleasing animation. On the other hand, Lasseter believes that blaming the fail of traditional animation solely on visuals ‘is completely ridiculous unfortunately 2D became an excuse for po or storytelling. ’ Todorov’s narrative theory states ‘all stories begin with equilibrium, face disequilibrium, and then end with a resolution. ’ (1978) In order to make animated films follow this narrative structure characters need to be relatable. This is why most characters within animated films, whether it creatures ‘Monsters Inc. ’ (2001) or inanimate objects ‘Cars’ (2006) are personified. Such a personification then allows an emotional bond to form with universal audiences as these characters troubles and triumphs are ‘merely represented as a projection of human desires. ’ (Grahame J, 2006) These narrative arcs also allow writers to lace these films with intertextual-references and adult jokes, which both media literate parents and young children from around the world can enjoy, even though they interpret the humour differently. On top of this computer animated storytelling also provides more leeway for unique creative storytelling, which perhaps could never be achieved cheaply in live action filming. However, one could oppose this by arguing these methods of film making have always been associated with animation, since the earliest form of 2D animation such as Walt Disney’s’ debut ‘Steamboat Willie’. (1928) Other factors also contribute to the genres popularity. Shark Tale (2004) is a computer-animated movie with a wide range of A-list celebrities ranging from Will Smith to Robert De Niro. The hiring of famous stars to voice characters helps market films because audiences tend to determine a movies success on the reputation of the cast and company involved in its creation. Additionally, characters being voiced by actors who are typecast in certain ways, helps establish animated personalities. For example audiences immediately associate Smith as being urban and street smart, and understand De Niro’s association with Italian American organised crime, whether or not they are in an animated fishlike shell. Likewise, directors are as eager to get involved in the production of these features as celebrities are. Spielberg’s film ‘The Adventures of Tin Tin’ (2011) uses computer animation along with in studio motion-capture to give his animation a more realistic feel, yet retain the traditional ‘Tin Tin comic book’ (Remi G, 1929- 1976) look. This way of filming is hugely popular because it mirrors realism, but reminds the audience it is a fictional story made to ‘entertain. ’ (Blumer J, 1974) Raymond Chandler once stated ‘modern film tries too hard to be real. Its techniques of illusion are so perfect that it requires no contribution from the audience but a mouthful of popcorn. ’ Supporting this, although certain animation looks genuine, Lasseter insists a ‘good animator must not provide films that are realistic; a good animator must tell stories that are believable. ’ (Lee M, 2009) By following this approach to filmmaking audiences are allowed to fully immerse themselves in fictitious worlds, thus catering to their ‘entertainment needs’ and ‘evoking a sense of relaxation and passiveness that only ends when finishes’. Shrum. L. 2004) However, motion capture movies are sometimes unappealing for child audiences and the blunt realism tends to appeal to more adult demographics. A prime example would be the certificate15 ‘Beowolf’ a CG animated feature that clearly shows the famous cast in their animated form. The film’s acclaim was that ‘by imagining the distant past so vividly, Zemeckis and his team prove that character capture has a future. (Corliss R, 2007) Unfortunately, this is still the case as there have been under 10 Hollywood produced character capture feature length films to date. Arguably, the only problem with computer animation is that since the constant success of previous CGI films, audiences are more critical of the new. This means that independent animated films seem to be less successful at the box office. .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 , .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .postImageUrl , .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 , .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:hover , .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:visited , .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:active { border:0!important; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:active , .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8 .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32efb5fc09708efd40c9174ce9565ac8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What aspects of a film might determine its genre? EssayThe lowest grossing animated release was ‘Freestyle Realsings – Delgo. ’ The film had a ‘$40 million budget didn’t even manage to make $1 Million. (Steven N, 2009) Perhaps the film was unsuccessful due to its ‘unoriginal civil war storyline’ or ‘boring battles and flat jokes’ (Horwitz J, 2008) however winning the best picture in the ‘Brazilian film festival Anima Mundi’ (2008) revealed a lack of promotion contributed to its fail. Lasseter states ‘merely being a computer animated movie is no longer enough to ensure bumper box office’ a lthough they were once seen as ‘the safe, flop proof arm of Hollywood toon’s take as much fortitude as the rest of the industry. ’ (O’Harra H, 2007) Correspondingly, around the years of the global recession, (2007 2009) there was a significant downfall in cinema attendance. (Theatrical Market, 1995 – 2013) This meant audience’s began to become more selective of the movies they paid to watch. Walt Disney once said ‘youre dead if you aim only for kids, adults are only kids grown up anyway. ’ (Lee M. 2009) This could be applied to most modern computer animated films as they are deliberately made so that the whole family can enjoy. The efficiency of going to see family movies in the cinema appeals to viewers, as it is a cheap way of socializing. Love needs’ (Maslow, 1945) are interpersonal, and this time spent with ones family at the cinema makes individuals feel a sense of belongingness, and feel cared about. The interaction therefore caters to ones ‘self-actualization’ needs, which Maslow states are ‘fundamental to our motivation and personality, hence leads to our happiness. ’ (Maslow, 1945) Cinematic companies such as ‘Vue’ even offer ‘Kids AM’ programs in an attempt to encourage families to watch (CGI) movies at the cinema for discounted prices. This benefits institutions like Pixar and DreamWorks as even during the financial crisis they unite fragmented audiences, thus gaining higher revenue. Most importantly, as modern computer generated animation has become so reputable and respected, animation is no longer considered to offer audiences a ‘reconstructed world of lines and colours, which subjugates and alters itself at your command. ’ (Grahame J, 2006) They instead capture relevant grounded scenarios, in the hope that global audiences understand the moral messages laced within and apply them to their own lives. An ideology of filmmaking that was inspired by Walt Disney’s death wish: that his fiction ‘should be something that improved societies not distract them. ’(Simon B, 2010) Most computer-animated narratives tend to take subjects and turn them on their heads. The satirical subject of a robot showing mankind how to live in the ‘postmodern masterpiece’ (Dreher R, 2008) ‘WALL-E’ teaches an audience the importance of looking after our world, instead of succumbing to the lazy life technology has made for us. Such a ‘critique of modernity’ (Dreher R, 2008) allows these seemingly childish movies, to have an influential power that contrasts social preconceived conceptions, and creates political awareness, whilst still being entertaining. There are various theories that ‘film is imploding. ’ (Spielberg, 2013) The film industry as a whole has faced a serious loss of sales to competitors, the games and television industries. Alongside the global recession, which occurred in recent years, now more than ever it is important for filmmakers to generate a unique engaging cinematic experience that is not ‘just TV in public. (Tarantino Q, 2012) I believe that computer animated and motion capture features ‘have a future that is only just emerging’ (Goodridge M, 2008) and can be the way to bring fragmented audiences back to the cinema. However, although we have advanced in technology, bringing us the wonders of computer animation, what makes global audiences enjoy animated movies is the combination of a well thought out narrative and in depth identifiable characters, not just the visuals employed in front of them.

Philosophy Personal Statement Writing Strategies Essay Example

Philosophy Personal Statement Writing Strategies Essay Example Philosophy Personal Statement Writing Strategies Essay Philosophy Personal Statement Writing Strategies Essay A personal statement is an admission test that every individual has to go through while applying to a university to pursue advance studies. It provides a perfect opportunity to the individual to outshine other intelligent candidates and secure a place in the academia of his choice. It helps you to sell yourself to the academy and demonstrate to the officers of the board of admission that you are a committed and a best suited candidate. During the admission seasons, hundreds of applications are sent to the universities and only a handful of those applications are accepted. It is obvious that they have limited seats in every department. An appealing philosophy personal statement is the only thing that can help you maximize your chances of securing a limited seat in the philosophy department. Writing an appealing statement surely seems a bit daunting to each one of us. However, with a little planning, preparation and devotion you can carry out this bit daunting task easily. Take a brief look at the following strategies for writing engaging and winning personal statements. Before your being jotting down letters in your statement, it is essential that you first take note of important elements that need to be inserted in it. These elements include your inspiration for choosing the field of philosophy, future aspiration, work experience related to the field, traits and details of your personal skills. Also, list down all the key points you wish to discuss in the statement. After completing your first rough draft, ask someone to go through the statement carefully and give you their honest feedback. The introduction will discuss what influenced you to engage in this complex field. Not many individuals these days go for this field so why you want to study or explore this field. Discuss why you are so interested in exploring it. Tell them what aspects of the philosophy subject intrigue you most. Remember that a winning personal statement should provide the admission committee your education background. It should discuss your characteristics and distinctive qualities. Explain them why you are so passionate about this field and provide supporting evidence of your passion for it. Remember that when you will ask to come for an interview you may probably be asked to answer some questions which are taken from the personal statement. Therefore make sure that you don’t include anything in the statement that you wouldn’t feel convenient discussing during the interview. Also make sure that you don’t fill the empty spaces in the statement with irrelevant details for the sake of meeting the length requirement. If you feel that you might not be able to cope with the word count, describe some of your traits or skills in more detail. However, ensure that the details provided in it are to the point and germane.

How to Use the Perl Array Grep() Function

How to Use the Perl Array Grep() Function The Perl  grep() function is a filter that runs a regular expression on each element of an array and returns only the elements that evaluate as  true. Using regular expressions can be extremely powerful and complex. The grep() functions uses the syntax List grep(Expression, array). Using Grep() Function to Return True Expressions myNames (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Mathew, Alexander, Andrew); grepNames grep(/^A/, myNames); Think of the myNames array as a row of numbered boxes, going from left to right and numbered starting with a zero. The grep() function goes through each of the elements (boxes) in the array and compares their contents to the regular expression. If the result is true, the contents are then added to the new grepNames array. In the above example, the regular expression /^A/ is looking for any value that starts with a capital A. After sifting through the contents of the myNames array, the value of grepNames becomes (Alexander, Andrew), the only two elements that start with a capital A. Reversing the Expression in a Grep() Function One quick way to make this particular function more powerful is to reverse the regular expression with the NOT operator. The regular expression then looks for elements that evaluate to false and moves them into the new array. myNames (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Mathew, Alexander, Andrew); grepNames grep(!/^A/, myNames); In the above example, the regular expression is looking for any value that does not start with a capital A. After sifting through the contents of the myNames array, the value of grepNames becomes (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Matthew). About Perl Perl is an adaptable programming language frequently used to develop web applications.  Perl  is an  interpreted, not compiled, language, so its programs take up more CPU time than a compiled language- a problem that becomes less important as the speed of processors increases. However, writing in Perl is faster than writing in a compiled language, so the time you save is yours.

Brand Management Take Home Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Brand Management Take Home Exam - Essay Example Apple primarily tries to go for cutting edge technology which is a strong marketing proposition that it tries to integrate in all of its product offerings. This is the reason why Apple is highly associated with quality. Having an Apple brand would mean getting the right quality of product offering. The cutting-edge technology is a substantial product strategy of Apple and it truly invests in this area because this is a good marketing strategy that entices the target market. Apple is good at stimulating market needs and this is truly emphasized by its brand features on highly advanced technology and product design. There must be something about the product in order for it to be more attractive in the market (Belch and Belch 1998, 69; Boone and Kurtz 2008, 56; Kotler et al. 1999, 89). On the other hand, in line with marketing program investment for product, Apple brand substantially considers innovating possibilities. Apple is one of the leading brands in its industry on differentiatio n. The product innovation is clearly one of Apple brand’s competitive strategy and this highlights its capacity to be the leading brand in the market. Apple brand is known for its distinctive market campaign. Since it is good at stimulating needs, it has to strategically invest in distinctive marketing campaign as part of its dynamic communication for its brand. Apple brand is widely heard on national television’s commercials, print advertisements, posters in public areas and wrap advertisement campaigns. Customer Mindset Marketing is clearly an important component in spreading Apple brand and especially on the part of how it creates impact on customers’ mindset. It is in this move that the brand has important goal to substantially stimulate customers’ needs. In line with this, it has become so easy for Apple to influence customers’ awareness about its brand through emphasizing its innovative products. Its innovation comes in different areas but th ey all substantially focused on differentiation in general. With this differentiation, customers are given the chance to be aware on specific issues about what makes Apple different from other brands. This is a specific area where Apple brand is successful about creating awareness for its target market especially on its innovative new product design and technology. It is in line with this that Apple tries to integrate in its brand the customer loyalty by serving high quality brand and highly on time to satisfy customers. It is through this that Apple brand develop a certain level of customer loyalty for its brand. This is a specific component of attachment that is developed at the mindset of customers. Market Performance In the United States, the best-price strategy compared to low-cost strategy is tantamount to high quality standard of product or service offering. This is the reason why customers are willing to pay for high price and it is expected that such is highly associated wi th high standard quality. It is a challenge then among products with premium prices to achieve certain level of customers’ expectations. Apple brand is successful in satisfying customers’ expectations. This justifies its premium price to speak for itself and this further means that Apple strategy to go for best price is tantamount to high standard quality and customer satisfaction. Apple brand is primarily the leading innovator in its industry. Its name cannot be highly disregarded by its competitors. The bottom line is that it has achieved

The Strategic Management of Human Resource Assignment

The Strategic Management of Human Resource - Assignment Example As a variety of mounting competitive forces mount, organizations are recognizing that to thrive, they require leaders and managers who can keep the organization intact and maintain employee morale throughout phases of change. Furthermore, they need personnel at every level who are eager and lithe enough to adopt change rapidly, adapt, and cultivate their skills. Accordingly, the demand to provide effective and quick employee grow this at the fore. Learning as well as development undertakings can influence organizational performance. To achieve this, organizations have to shift from training to learning. High-performance functioning involves employing a range of human resource practices and strategies to involve and inspire employees to amplify their input and increase levels of output and performance throughout the company as a whole. Though a variety of human resource policies and practices are considered equally to high-performance working practices, most analysts would agree that litheness and constant learning stand at the core of the functioning efficiency of the good-performance work approach (Armstrong 2000). Given the rapid speed of change, workers must be stimulated and reinforced to constantly update their abilities and expand knowledge. Therefore, learning is fathomed as the procedure through which a person creates new skills, knowledge and capabilities, while training is among some of the responses a company can assume to stimulate learning. Learning is, therefore, an individual course – nobody but the apprentice can learn. However, it is conceivable to set up interventions, which encourage persons to learn as well as develop. During the move from training to  learning, many learning, as well as development interventions and undertakings, progressively focus on backing the learner. Individual accountability for learning (coupled with help from the company in backing up learners) is one way of promoting effective learning to bring about individual support and organizational change. Significant efforts must be made to encourage and support effective personal learning in the ev ent of a developmental activity in an organization (Armstrong 2000).

Interpreting The Descent of Odin :: Descent of Odin Essays

Interpreting The Descent of Odin  Ã‚   There are several different ways to interpret a poem. Each word can either be a metaphor for something else or the words can mean exactly what they say. Either way there can really never be a completely wrong interpretation of a certain poem because everyone is going to see things in their own way. For example, an object or a phrase could have a double meaning. A conversation that seems somewhat insignificant could be very important to the meaning and the tone of the entire poem. This is the case in â€Å"The Descent of Odin† by Thomas Gray. The poem has several different hidden meanings and messages that might not be visible to the untrained reader. The poem has several interesting aspects to it. The first is the very obvious, over active id of Odin. He is trying to retrieve information from the Prophetess when all she wants is to be left alone. In the beginning he is very demanding about what he wants. He will not let her rest until he finds out all of the information he wants. â€Å"Yet a while my call obey; Prophetess, awake, and say,† (Gray, pg. 43). Odin’s child-like characteristics are very obvious. Finally after whining enough, he was able to obtain all of the information he needed, his superego takes over and represses the id from carrying on and tormenting Prophetess. He is able to let his superego take over, unlike Prophetess who is very selfish and is not in control of her own free will. Prophetess was also guilty of doing a little bit of whining herself. Instead of helping Odin right away, she complained about the fact that he had disturbed her. â€Å"What call unknown, what charms presume to break the quiet of the tomb? Who thus afflicts my troubled sprite, and drags me from the realms of night?† (Gray, pg. 41-42) She is annoyed that someone dared to wake her. Her selfish little id is rearing its ugly little head and causing her to complain and be grumpy. She is supposed to help people when they ask about the things that Odin asked about, hence the name Prophetess. Instead of being completely selfless, like she should be, she decides that being stubborn and rude is the way to treat people. Both characters are guilty of giving into their ids, but Prophetess is much more unwilling to let her superego take over to subdue her id.

Submarine Sandwich and Subway

Subway’s Domestic and International Marketing Plan Presented by Moses Ballenger The University of Houston – Victoria International Marketing (MKT 6377) 2011 Summer Session Table of Contents 2. – Letter of Recommendation 3. – Executive Summary 4. – Introduction, Background, Summary and update of the case study 2. 1 – Target Market Analysis 2. 12 – Primary Target Market 2. 13 – Primary Target Market Demographics 2. 14 – Secondary Target Markets 2. 2 – SWOT Analysis 2. 21 – Strengths (3 strengths) 2. 22 – Weaknesses (3 Weaknesses) 2. 23 – Opportunities (3 Opportunities from the macro environment analysis) 2. 4 – Threats (3 Threats from the macro environment analysis) 2. 3 – Competition Analysis 2. 31 – Primary Competitor 2. 32 – Secondary Competition 2. 4 – Keys to Success (3 keys to success of the company in order) 2. 5 – Macro Environment Analysis 2. 51 – Economy (2 macro economy factors) 2. 52 – Culture (2 macro culture factors) 2. 53 – Politics, Rules, and Regulations (2 factors) 2. 54 – Technology (2 factors) 3. 1 – Mission Statement 3. 2 – Marketing Objectives (3 Objectives in order of importance) 3. 3 – Financial Objectives (From the competition analysis) 3. – Positioning strategy (From the competition analysis) 3. 5 – Marketing Mix Strategies 3. 51 – Product Strategy 3. 52 – Price Strategy 3. 53 – Promotion Strategy 3. 54 – Place Strategy 4. 0 – References 5. 0 – Appendices (Promotion flyer and other) 1. 2 Letter of Recommendation Subway Franchise Headquarters/Doctor’s Associates Inc. CEO, President, Co-Founder 325 Bic Drive Milford, Connecticut 06461 United States Dear Mr. Fred DeLuca, I would like to thank you first for the opportunity to conduct the marketing assessment proposal for your company.I hope you find m y recommendations satisfactory in this letter, which is summarized below. Subway must first be honored for its accomplishments so far to date. Such success has come about from a small business partnership out of Bridgeport, Connecticut to big international success. As stated in your vision, Subway strives to be the #1 quick service restaurants in the world, while delivering fresh, delicious sandwiches, and exceptional experience. I believe that such a vision is achievable for the global, Japanese, and emerging markets.Despite the challenges and failures of the Japanese market entry, there is much opportunity, lesson, and market share to capture. My primary recommendation discussed in the proposal is that Subway conducts an aggressive and re-entry approach to Japan. This aggressive, re-entry approach needs to be more adaptive to the Japanese/Asian culture this time. This adaptation will need to take place from an advertising and product perspective most importantly. How effective Sub way focuses on these two aspects will determine their success in Japan and Asia.While Subway has been highly successful in their global expansion, the Japanese and Asian markets will call for more adoption and customization. Nowadays, value, expressed as a level of quality for an affordable price seems to have traction in the global marketplace. Emergence of â€Å"cost-consciousness† seems to be reshaping business. Subway has done a great job at remaining flexible enough to change its operational policies and wise enough to listen to its franchisees. Subway must continue to take this practice into Japan and Asian, while focusing on their core competencies.Subway will have to listen to what problems franchisees are having and make adjustments accordingly. It’s the franchisee that’s on the front line, seeing the daily operations, challenges, and customer interaction. I hope you find the research and recommendations sufficient to act on. Thank you again for your ti me and consideration. 1. 3 Executive Summary Subway represents an excellent case study of a truly globalized company in today’s market place. The company’s focused its roots from owner Fred DeLuca, who has had a clear vision for the future of the Subway  ® brand as it continues to grow and serve its customers.The passion for delighting customers by serving fresh, delicious, made-to-order sandwiches and providing people with quick, cheap, and nutritious meals has contributed Subway to being the franchise leader in the fast food industry. Subway’s clever advertising, pricing strategy, flexibility, and operational efficiency have allowed them to expand and be profitable beyond domestic borders. Such success has allowed Subway to venture into several international markets. Subway has withstood the recent 2009 economic downturns that plague a variety of industries partially due to favorable industry circumstances and its own innovative actions.Despite Subwayâ€℠¢s past domestic and international success, it is having difficulty in other markets like Japan. To be success in challenging markets like Japan and new/emerging markets, Subway will have to continue to think â€Å"outside the box†. This thinking may have to be customized to the extent of each particular market or country. These challenging and â€Å"un-tapped† markets of Japan, Latin America, and Asia for Subway are saturated with domestic competitors like McDonald’s, Starbucks, KFC and international competitors like Mos Burger, Mister Donut, and Yoshinoya.Subway is capital rich with a strong brand image and is therefore positioned well and capable of making large investments in the Asian, Latin America, and other markets. The Subway brand success in other countries shows that it can be customized to local cultures and markets for global expansion success. Despite the challenges, Subway has much potential and is well positioned to create profitability and marke t share in Japan, Asia and other markets. Subway will need to continue to be innovative, market its strengths, make the necessary adjustments to failures, and take advantage of opportunities. 1. Introduction, Background, summary and update of the case study Introduction Subway is an American restaurant franchise that sells mainly submarine sandwiches (subs) and salads. It also offers breakfast items such as bagels and egg & sausage sandwiches. In addition Subway makes personal pizzas and salads upon order. It main office is in Milford, Connecticut, with five regional centers supporting the growing international operations. Regional offices are in the Netherlands, Australia, Lebanon, India, and Florida. Background Subway is owned and operated by Doctor’s Associates Inc. (DAI) and was founded by Fred De Luca and Peter Buck in 1966.The name comes from the fact that Peter Buck holds a doctorate degree. On August 28, 1965 Fred De Luca borrowed $1,000 from family friend Peter Buck to start his first sandwich shop. In 1966, they opened their second Subway restaurant in New York Summary of Case The case presentation is a marketing plan for Subway’s up coming 2012 fiscal year. In addition, a detailed SWOT analysis is included. The marketing plan contains a target market analysis which explains Subway’s target markets and demographics. A competition analysis is included, which identifies Subway and it competitors in the industry.The marketing plan includes strategy suggestions in regard to product, price, promotion, and place. These strategy recommendations are aimed toward fulfilling the suggested mission statements as well. Update of Case Study During the construction of this marketing plan, Subway continues to move on its globalization strategy thru its aggressive franchising campaign. The Subway franchise was ranked the number-one franchise in the submarine sandwich category in the 2011 Franchise 500 Issue of Entrepreneur Magazine. As of today S ubway has 34,824 stores in 98 countries and hopes to expand 2,010 restaurants in the U. K. and Ireland. 2. 1 Target Market Analysis Subway conducts a standard market analysis that focuses on a target market area. In the target market, Subway focuses on the highest potential opportunity and will render the greatest return. Like any other company, Subway will steer away from unattractive markets that offer low return and opportunity 2. 12 Primary Target Market The primary target market consists of individual customers mostly thru the ages of 16 – 36 years old, who are healthy and cost conscious [1]. Subway intends to market these individuals as a healthier fast-food option as compared to others such as Mc. Donald’s and Burger King. . 13 Primary Market Demographics Subway provides fast food services of sandwiches for individuals and businesses in different industries. In addition, the company provides franchisor services to its franchisee in the form of support and guidan ce. . The increase in sales of the sandwiches lately has put the hamburger behind as the #1 fast food sought for. Such a desire in sandwiches sales has been a result of a decrease in consumer spending on hamburgers and fries. A more demand has been toward healthier options. Sales of sandwiches are growing 15% annually, outpacing sales of burgers and steaks (McCarthy, 2006).The demand demographics in this market depends on consumer preferences and consumer preference trends. Currently in the market, particularly the U. S. , there is an increased emphasis on healthier and affordable food choices as compared to the past. Subway typical operates in high metropolitan and condensed areas, but now subway franchises have expanded to outside of urban areas to rural areas. It’s not uncommon to see a subway storefront in a small town. In addition Subway store front also operate out of unconventional locations such as schools, universities, stadiums, museums, military stations, truck sto ps, and gas stations. . 14 Secondary Target Markets Subway also functions as franchisor, so it continually seeks business opportunities with potential investors of franchises. Subway provides prospective investors with franchise information, guidance, and seminars. There is also a FAQ on the company website to answer the most common questions about franchisee opportunities. Subway main business is to sell sub sandwiches to individuals, which drives the main business and secondly to captured qualified and successful franchisees to grow their business. 2. 2 SWOT Analysis 2. 21 Strengths 1.Brand Name Subway’s brand image and appeal has grown significantly thru its healthy and nutritional advertising, it celebrity advertising, and it affordable products. According to Entrepenuer. com was the number 1 franchise in 2001. 2. Product Offering Despite the heavy competition in product offering in the fast food industry. Subway has continued to battle in this category against its compet itors of Mc Donald’s, Jack in the Box, KFC, and many more. Subway increased its sandwich offerings such as the BBQ pulled pork, along with adding new breakfast items, salads, and pizza.Along with its increased product offerings, the company has added a healthy and nutritional food concept and has successfully appealed to customers as a healthier option. 3. Simple Franchise operations Subway has a franchise system that is extremely simple compared to other franchises. From an operational standpoint, the preparation of a sandwich is mostly done in front of the customer and has simple steps to make all their sandwiches. From a startup perspective, a franchisee can build a store well under $200,000. According to Enterpenuer. com, Subway has cheaper start up costs than Mc.Donald’s, Pizza Hut, KFC, and Dunkin Donuts. Low start up costs have allowed Subway to venture out in non traditional outlets like hospitals, schools, and retail stores like Home Depot and Wal Mart. 2. 22 Weaknesses 1. No Product Differentiation Subway’s product offerings have no trademark or patent protection, so it products are no different from its competitors. The only variable that sets Subway apart from its competition is its price. Against its competition, Subway offerings are limited. Other sandwich shops such as Potbelly’s, which-wich, and Quizno’s offer more meat and sandwich type choices. 2.Franchise Over Saturation in certain markets In an interview with Franchise 500, franchise consultant and CEO of FranChoice Jeff Elgin says that there are complaints about encroachment issues –concerns that they’re putting too many units close together. 3. Bottleneck in Franchise Growth – In contrast to the over saturation of franchise stores, there also has been some stunting of growth in this regard. In an interview with Franchise 500, CEO DeLuca says that there is a bottleneck in Subway’s growth, with many franchisees still searching f or a storefront. The real estate bust and frozen credit have slowed openings. . 23 Opportunities 1. Growth ( International) Subway has more potential than its competitors for continued success in profits and growth in the domestic and foreign markets. 2. Improved Franchise Relations Despites the past issues between Subway and it franchisees, there is still room and opportunity for the company to enhance their relationships. Such an enhancement will lead to increased satisfaction among franchisees and improved reputation to Subway. This will eventually lead to increased intrinsic value for the company and increased financial value. 3. Untapped Product OfferingsSubway has the potential to further contend and exceed their competitors in their product offering range. The company will have to make continued investments into research and development and testing to see what products work. Subway has room to experiments with different meats, cheeses, bread, and other fixins. Since the compa ny is global they can expand their product offerings to foreign consumers taste preferences. 2. 3 Competition Analysis The Fast food industry is under constant and evolving competition. The main competitors in this industry are McDonald’s, Yum Brands, Wendy’s, and Jack-in-the- Box.Yum Brands consists of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and Long John Silver’s. In addition, Subway faces secondary competitive pressures from other sandwich makers like Quiznos, Jimmy Johns, Potbelly’s, Lenny’s Subs, Firehouse Subs, Which-wich and many others. With the increased sales of sandwiches in recent years as compared to burgers, secondary competition should be well on the rise for Subway. (13) 4. Keys to Success According to Michael McCarthy, success factors will include products and marketing targeted to healthier menu selections, brand consistency, low start-up costs, franchisee support, and consumer convenience.This success factors covers the scope of Subwayâ€℠¢s current challenges and concerns. Subways continued success will continue to thrive off its brand, attractive low franchise costs, and healthy menus selection. However, Subway will have to focus on improving their relations with franchisees. A lack of mismanagement of the franchisee issues could lead to catastrophic results for the company. 5. Macro Environment Analysis 2. 51 Economy In 2008 and 2009, the world seemed turned upside down by negative economics events. The financial meltdown in the U. S. lagued several industries, reduced the availability of credit, and created massive job losses. The two effects created massive ripple effects in every regard, such as reduced consumer spending and increase cost consciousness. The fast-food industry seemed unaffected despite and Subway seemed to find a sweet growth in a sour economy. Companies like Starbucks suffered when customers get the jitters about paying for premium coffee. But Subway managed to do supremely well in a down econo my where its $5 dollar foot long and other value food items appealed to cost conscious customers.As a whole the industry has embraced value meals, cutting prices and offering more or less. It has been a reaction to more consumers who are avoiding restaurants in an effort to save money. For the industry, price-cutting is a tested technique to weather an economic downturn. Subway has proven such so far during the U. S. sluggish economy my offering daily value meals and monthly specials like the $2 cold cut and meatball subs for July. 2. 52 Culture Subway has capitalized on the health conscious revolution by focusing its advertising on its healthy but tasty offerings.It featured a testimonial by a satisfied customer, Jared Fogle, who stated that he lost 245 pounds by substituting on 6’ Subway sandwich a day for one of his meals. The results were impressive and the company embraced the Jared testimonial of the health benefits of eating its food compared to others. The Jared campa ign proved to have excellent timing during the health consciousness revolution in America. After the company realized the value of Jared’s testimonial, it applied its professional communications staff to create appealing advertising, harness social media, and develop online relationship building activities. Pina, 2010). From the point Subway launched as series of health initiatives in response to the high demand of the â€Å"health culture†, such as â€Å"Eat Fresh† and modified its corporate web site to the nutritional and health informative needs of its customers and the public. 2. 24 Threats 1. Franchisee Disparity – Subway has had a continued history of franchisee dissatisfaction. Such dissatisfaction has come from franchisor support, franchise contractual arrangements, and over saturation of franchises in some markets. These disparities will affect the public image of Subway as an investment choice among investors and it profits.The extent of franchi see dissatisfaction has even led to litigation and class action law suits over Subways’ poor contractual provisions. 2. Franchisee Disparity (Revenues) – Franchisee disparity is two-fold. The other side of the disparity is poor franchise performance. This disparity can be seen as early as 1998. In a CNN Money article, consultant Cliff Marshall estimates that 25% of franchisees are unhappy and suffering, while about 40% are just getting by and making a few dollars, and 30-35% are happy and doing fine, though many of the happiest owners are also agents, who can control the number of competing Subways. . Competition – An ongoing threat to Subway is its own competition with the fast food industry. Its biggest competitor, McDonald’s will constantly stay on its heals in competition in terms of global expansion, product offering, financial performance, and many other variables. In addition, other competitors like Quiznos, Which wich, Jack n-the Box continue to o ffer more product offerings and competitive prices . Any slow or bad year for Subway could lead it to be easily bumped down in the franchise ranking. 2. 53 Politics, Rules and RegulationsSubway is under regulation over several federal, state, local agencies. In addition the company can become subject to pressure from consumer watch/advocacy groups. Given that Subway is in the fast food industry, the company like its competitors have seen significant pressure in corporate social responsibility on food quality for consumers. For example, according to the Center of Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and more than 30 other national and local health advocacy groups and experts have urges Subway to set nutritional standards for foods marketed to children.According to the CSPI and other groups, Subway is missing from industry self-regulatory programs. CSPI and other groups wants Subway to join the Council of Better Business Bureau’s Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI). Since Subway resides in the fast food industry, it has also came under heavy subjection for calorie content, Trans fat, and portion sizes. In response to such Subway has become more transparent in its product offerings to consumers. In addition is has labeled the fat and calorie content on some of its sandwiches online and in the stores.If you go to Subway’s website, and click on a given product, it will show the nutritional information. Such a disclosure of informational has resulted from national and local group pressure. 2. 54 Technology The use of technology is playing a significant role in the outcome of international business success. Subway must devise a technology strategy that will keep it well informed on it sales metrics, customer spending behavior, and inventory management. The use of e commerce and web-enables services with suppliers and vendors will be necessary in today’s business climate.All these technological pursuits will need to aim at customer satisfaction, inventory efficiencies, gathering critical information quickly. The use of technologies such as internet and Point-of-Sale will be pivotal for Subway and its franchisee’s to gather and collect information quickly and efficiently as compared to traditional ways. With POS data can be processed to provide instant information on weekly sales movements and market shares of individual stores. POS also renders better data quality. It can act as virtually comptroller of information. (Kotabe, Helsen 2010).According to Restaurant Informer. com, another trend in quick-service restaurants (QSR) is the use of kiosk ordering and contactless payment options. Installing Kiosks saves labor and cuts down on staff errors. Such errors can be on wasted food or register errors. The Subway is currently experimenting with kiosks, allowing customers to select their own order. 3. 1 Mission Statement â€Å"Delight every customer so they want to tell their friends  œ with great value through fresh, delicious, made-to-order sandwiches, and an exceptional experience. 3. 2 Marketing ObjectivesGlobalization is a increasing pattern in today’s markets. Subway success is still heavily dependent on its U. S. operations, since roughly 20,000 of the 34,842 worldwide stores are in the U. S. Therefore revenues are highly dependent on the domestic stores/franchises. Since Subway is a privately held company, any form of marketing objectives will not published. Therefore, I have suggested a set of marketing objectives for the upcoming 2011 and 2012 fiscal years. Objective 1 (Continue International Expansion) – Subway continues to grow globally each year.Based off the chart below, Subway is expanding 2,000 stores on average since 1995. If this trend continues and all variable remain constant the company by volume will capture more revenues over time. Such increase in volumes may or may not fulfill the financial objectives mentioned below. [pic] Objective 2 (Capture more global revenues and market share) – In conjunction with Objective 1, Subway will need to focus on capturing more revenues for 2011 and 2010 in international markets. More store-front expansion will lead to less dependency on the U. S. market performance and economic climate.According to Micheal McCarthy the U. S. fast food market has seen a healthy rise in growth in the last three years, with a compound annual growth rate of 2. 3% between 2005 and 2010. The overall market value from this is $57billion by the end of 2010. Given this information, it can be inferred that the growth rate will continue at this pace. So for 2011 and 2012 the fast food industry should be valued around $58 and $59 million respectfully. Given this incremental pattern, Subway should look to increase the market share by 1-5% domestically. Such a market share goal is feasible and reasonable.This domestic goal should be used as a guidance for calculating international figures. Ea ch individual foreign market would have to be assessed to determine what type of marketing objectives. Objective 3 (Make Key Strategic Partnerships in Foreign Markets) – Regardless if the market is Japan or Latin American, Subway will need to make key strategic alliances with host country firms when necessary. Such alliances will avoid costly and failed entries, such as Japan. Given the nature of Subway’s franchise business, franchisees take majority of the burden for failed performance.The nature of the strategic alliance will vary from each market. Subway may have to make different types of alliance between Japan and Latin America for example. It is evident that a unique form of strategic alliance will be needed for Japan as compared to Latin America. Clearly Subway will need a strategic alliance, where a Japanese advertising firm will do the promotion and advertising to help get the brand across. Another strategic alliance that could be made in Japan is one with Jap anese organic farmers and meat producers.This alliance could bring in the fresh organic ingredients needed for the appeal to Japanese consumers. 3. 3 Financial Objectives Since Subway is privately held, the company is not subject to stockholder expectations and pressures. However, the company is subjected to heavy competitive pressures. Such pressures have transpired to financial performance. Objective 1 (Increase Domestic & Global Revenues): According to â€Å"The Week†, Subway’s revenues in 2010 was $15. 2 billion, while Mc Donald’s was $ 24 billion.. Subway had 33. 749 stores worldwide, while Mc Donald’s 32,737 stores in 2010.Clearly this shows the top two competitors in the industry battling intensely. Subway clearly is behind in revenues overall and revenues per outlet. Objective 2 ( Increase Franchisee Financial Performance): Given the franchise business model, Subway does have an obligation to service and support franchisees in their store-front go als and challenges. Given this, overall franchise and franchisee financial objectives should be noted separately. Given the revenue figures mentioned above, Subway and its franchisees need work together to reduce operational costs by all measures.Sure a decrease in operational costs will help increase revenue per franchisee and make them more competitive with McDonald’s and other competitors. Such a focus to work with franchisee satisfaction will increase demand in the long run for Subway franchisee contracts and increase intrinsic value for the company. Objective 3 (Adjust Royalty fees): It can be inferred that Subway needs to increase its overall revenues and revenue per franchise in order to close the gap between its biggest competitor. To meet this financial objective will be challenging.The company globally is seeing a rise in operational expenses in the form of rising minimum wage, utilities, and food processing. It appears that the quickest adjustment that the company can make to increase revenues is to reduce or increase the royalty franchise fees. According to Subway’s FAQs on its website, royalty fees are 8% of a franchisee’s revenues in the U. S.. However the company may need to make royalty adjustments worldwide and test the effects of a increase or decrease on overall revenue and revenue per franchise. 3. 4 Positioning StrategyAccording to Smithfam. com, a positioning strategy results in the image you want to draw in the mind of your customers, the picture you want him/her to visualize of you, what you offer, in relation to the market situation, and any competition you may have. † Since Subway operates in a highly competitive fast food environment both domestically and abroad, the company will have to keep its competitors in perspective when formulating a positioning strategy. The company should evaluate their competitors’ strengths in the Japanese market and incorporate it into their strategy.For example competit or, Mos Burger uses good quality ingredients, which reflects the chains higher prices and wholesome image. This has led to Mos Burgers’ success in Japan. While accomplishing all the noted above, Subway needs to stay focused on its core competencies and values that has gotten them to where they are today. 3. 5 Marketing Mix Strategies 3. 51 Product Strategy Subway provides products with a global brand that is well-known and, most importantly, healthy, with lots of flavor and variety on its menu. Subway product line consists of numerous varieties of sandwiches served with different fillings and on different types of bread.The choices are complex but the product line is anchored by one choice: 6 inches or 1 foot long. Subway has been successful in the U. S. with its product offerings, pricing, and advertising and has led to a strategic advantage for the company. Subway promotes its sandwiches as fresh, healthy and made-to-order. They use the slogan â€Å"Eat Fresh†. In th e international marketplace where Subway is trying to gain its footing, in terms of market penetration and gained market share, the company will need modify its product strategy differently from its international and domestic strategy to fit the needs of Japan and Asian countries.Since Japan and Asian countries have been such a challenge for the company, it will critical for Subway to develop a effective product strategy. Out of the four P’s in the marketing mix, Product strategy will be main determinate of Subway’s success in Japan. Subway promotes its sandwiches as fresh, healthy and made-to-order. They use the slogan â€Å"Eat Fresh†. This concept and slogan can be effective in Japan, but will have to be taken in a further context to satisfy Japanese consumers. Japanese consumers think of healthy food more in terms of quality – for example, how fresh, pure, or organic ingredients are than in terms of ts calorie or fat content or cholesterol level. Subw ay may have to modify its product strategy to show its quality more transparently with consumers or switch to organic ingredients. Therefore different investments made have to be made in higher quality foods as compared to other countries/markets. 3. 52 Price Strategy Pricing will correlate with product as an important factor of the marketing mix. A overhaul or significant modification in product strategy will affect pricing strategy accordingly.Given the product strategies suggested above, Subway may have to adjust its pricing for sandwiches if all organic ingredients will be used in Japan. This however may not translate to a negative response from consumers in Japan. Japanese consumers may be willing to pay more for a sub sandwich if it’s made of quality, fresh, and organic ingredients. Customer’s willingness to pay will vary across cultures [text book] and products that are perceived as good value in one culture may have little to no value in other cultures.So who k nows, maybe the $5 foot long concept will evolve to $ 6 foot long in Japan, where the Japanese see it as the same value as U. S. consumers. Another alternative maybe to pass the costs of â€Å"going organic† in Japan to other products, such as chips, drinks, cookies, or salads? In the end, to establish a stronger brand image and sustain/grow a market presence, Subway may have to subsidize their pricing to gain some market share and familiarity in Japan. This approach may be necessary until a market presence has been established and then the company can build in pricing promotions similar to the U. S. such as weekly value meals, monthly values deals ( $2 cold-cut & meat ball sandwiches in July), and foot-long specials ($5 foot long). 3. 53 Promotion Strategy Subway is the one of largest franchises in the world with a global presence that can be felt and seen. Despite this, such a global presence hasn’t been entirely felt in Japan and other Asian countries. Former franch isee owner Tetsuzo, Ono, in an interview with England’s The Times newspaper in 2002, said that â€Å"people who didn’t know sandwiches never saw any commercials, never heard any word of mouth and because the chain did not grow, never passed a store on the street†.Given this feedback from franchisees and the lack of success in Japan, Subway will need to revamp their promotion strategy. Such a promotion campaign will need to be focused on advertising, promotions, and direct marketing. Focusing on these three aspects will cover all distribution channels and get the word out to Japanese consumers. Subway can use channels such as internet, television, sport organizations, and special events. In addition the promotion strategy needs to be strictly adaptive and customized to the Japanese and Asian cultures. 54. Place StrategyPlace refers to distribution and also can be thought of as the â€Å"place of purchase†. This strategy asks â€Å"Do you want your product to be everywhere? or â€Å" do you want to create demand for it because its’ exclusive and hard to find? † [2] Its very important for Subway to be cautious with its’ place strategy because such a strategy makes a statement about the quality and â€Å"status† of their product. Typically Subway places its stores in commercial areas or as â€Å"stand-alone† stores. Subway will also place store fronts in unconventional locations, what Subway calls â€Å"unique stores† on its website.Such stores will be museums, airports, military bases, schools, colleges, stadiums, supermarkets, and gas stations. At the moment, Subway seems to be well positioned and on track in terms of place. There are already 115 stores in Japan. According to the franchise application guide book, Subway is focusing on opening more stores around Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe. In these cities, Subway will target downtown areas, business areas, amusement centers, and rail statio n hubs. References 1) The Week (2011, March 8). Subway, the World’s biggest restaurant chain: By the numbers. Retrieved, in 16h July 2011, from http://theweek. om/article/index/212902/subway-the-worlds-biggest-restaurant-chain-by-the-numbers 2) Subway Restaurant website. History. US. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, from http://www. subway. com/subwayroot/AboutSubway/history/subwayHistory. aspx 3) Michael McCarty (July 2006). Fast Food Market Forecast- The Subway Example of Strategic Product Positioning. Ezine Articles. Retrieved, in 17th July 2011, http://ezinearticles. com/? Fast-Food-Market-Forecast—The-Subway-Example-of-Strategic-Product-Positioning&id=735770 4) Entrepreneur Magazine (January 2009). Top 10 Franchises of 2009. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, from http://www. ntrepreneur. com/magazine/entrepreneur/2009/january/199094. html 5) Entrepreneur Magazine (2011) 2011 Global Franchising Rankings. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, from http://www. entrepreneur. com/fra nchises/rankings/topglobal-115388/2011,. html 7) Richard Behar (1998 March 16) Why Subway is†¦ Fortune Magazine. CNN Money. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, from http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/03/16/239302/index. htm 8) Margie Walker. (2008 August) Using Technology to Increase Your Bottom Line. Restaurant Informer. com. Retrieved, in 17th July 2011, http://www. restaurantinformer. om/2008/07/using-technology-to-increase-your-bottom-line/ 9) Synergy Resources (2008 February 12). Synergy Resources Announces Successful Implementation of ERP System at Visual Graphic Systems in NYC. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, http://www. synergyresources. net/pdf/Visual_Graphic_Systems_-_Press_Release. pdf 10) Official Subway Restaurant website. US. Retrieved, in 14th July 2011, from http://www. subway. com/subwayroot/index. aspx 11) Subway Restaurant website. World. Retrieved, in 15th July 2011, from http://world. subway. com/Countries/frmNutrition. aspx? CC=AUS&LC=EN G&Mode 12) Official Subway Restaurant website.Q&A. UK. Retrieved, in 15th July 2011, from http://www. subway. com/subwayroot/index. aspx 13) Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. SWOT. Retrieved, in 15th July 2011, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SWOT_analysis 14) Entrepreneur Magazine (January 2009). Top 10 Franchises of 2009. Retrieved, in 14th July 2011, from http://www. entrepreneur. com/magazine/entrepreneur/2009/january/199094. html 15) Romero, Dennis. (2009). Subway hit the spot. Entrepreneur, Vol. 37(1), p 125 – 133, 8p. Retrieved from Business Source Complete 16) Comes, Steve. (2010). Fred DeLuca. Nation’s Restaurant News, Vol. 4 (37), p54, 1p. Retrieved from Business Source Complete 17) Nation’s Restaurant News (June 2010). Top 100 Chains Ranked by Growth In U. S. Franchise Units. Retrieved, in 15th July, from Business Source Complete 18) Lee A. Obringer. (June 2010). How Marketing Plans Work. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, http://money. howstuffworks. com/marketing-plan24. htm 19) CSPI (January 2009). Subway Urged to Set Nutritional Standards for Foods Marketed to Children. Center for Science in Public interest. Retrieved, in 16th July 2011, http://www. cspinet. org/new/200901141. html Appendices A. Subway’s J-Curve [pic]

Help Children Who Are Chronic Liars Tell the Truth

Special educators will undoubtedly meet and teach students who seem to have difficulty telling the truth. Some of them may blame others to avoid getting in trouble, while some children may embroider elaborate stories as a means to join conversations. For other children, chronic lying may be part of an emotional or behavioral disorder. Behaviors and Coping Mechanisms The child who exaggerates, tells lies, or distorts the truth does so for a variety of reasons. A behavioral (ABA)  approach will always focus on the function  of the behavior, which in this case, is the lying.  Behaviorists identify four basic functions for behavior: avoidance or escape, to acquire something they want, to get attention, or for power or control. The same is true of lying. Often, children have learned a specific set of coping mechanisms. These are learned to avoid bringing attention to the childs inability to perform academically. These coping mechanisms also may come from children being raised by families that have poor coping mechanisms, mental health issues, or addiction problems. Children That Have Difficulty Telling the Truth Avoidance or escape. Students will often lie to avoid or escape a task they dont want to do or to avoid consequences that come with not completing an assignment or homework. If a student comes from a punitive home or has only experienced school as a punitive environment, it is common for students to lie. They do this to avoid the kind of punishment or shaming they have experienced at home or in a general education classroom, such as a teacher screaming. Acquire something they want. Everyone sometimes  shades the truth to get something they want. Children from homes that cannot or will not provide coveted items often steal, and then lie, in order to get items they would not generally have access to. This may include bright pencils, erasers in fun shapes, or highly desirable toys or games, such as Pokemon cards.   Attention. Chronic lying often falls in this category, though what a child may exhibit is, in  fact, poor social skills and the desire to command the attention of other students. They may create elaborate or fantastical stories that have no basis in truth but are a response to something the teacher or another student has said. Whether the purpose is to get attention by making extraordinary claims (my uncle is a movie star), or fantasy (I went to Paris with my cousins), positive attention for real accomplishments will reinforce correct and truthful behavior.   Power. Students who feel powerless or out of control may use lying in order to control the teacher, his or her peers, or another significant adult. Students may want to get their classmates in trouble, sometimes breaking or ruining something in the classroom on purpose. Chronic or habitual liars rarely feel good about themselves. It is recommended to look for patterns in the childs lying. Consider if the lying only occurs at specific times or in specific situations. When one has identified the function or purpose of the behavior, they can plan appropriate interventions.   12 Interventions and Tips Always model telling the truth and avoiding little white lies.In small groups, role-play with students on the value of telling the truth. This will take time and some patience. Identify telling the truth as a classroom value.Role-play the potentially devastating consequences of lying.Do not accept excuses for lying, as lying is not acceptable.Children should understand the hurtful consequences of lying and whenever possible, they should apologize for lying.Logical consequences need to be in place for the child who lies.Children will lie to protect themselves from the punishment of scolding. Avoid scolding but maintain a calm demeanor. Thank children for telling the truth. Apply a lesser consequence for a student who takes responsibility for their actions.Do not punish students for accidents. Cleaning up or apologizing should be the most appropriate consequence.Children need to be part of the solution and consequences. Ask them what they are prepared to give or do as a result of the l ie.Teachers can explain to the child that what he or she did is the problem. Teachers should reinforce that its not the child, but what he or she did that is upsetting, and explain why the disappointment is there.Catch the chronic liar telling the truth and commend them.  Avoid lectures and quick, irrational threats.